How Did Jews Become White Folks - 933 Words

Since the start of time, there has been individuals in society that have been discriminated against based on their religion, culture, race, and sexual orientation. The article â€Å"How Did Jews Become White Folks?† by Karen B. Brodkin highlighted the struggles that European immigrants, Jews, and African American faced in the United States pre and post World War two. Brodkin focused in on the idea of â€Å"whiteness† in America, and how the word has evolved overtime to include a variety of ethnicities. Since its creation America has been called the land of opportunity, but around the late nineteenth century the United States started to become more exclusive by limiting the entry of European and Chinese immigrants by closing the doors to immigration from Europe and Asia in the 1920s. At that time, individuals that have been in America for a number of years started to narrow down the amount of ethnicities that the word white included. The book Passing of the Great Race by Madison Grant stated that the white race can be broken up into superior and inferior races. Grant calls the pure Nordic race the superior upper class, while the other European immigrants and Jews were considered low class and inferior. Grants novel led to a separation and limitation of who is considered to be white, which led to the inferior whites being treated differently in America. In the 1930 census, the United States Government distinguished the differences in whiteness by asking participants to write downShow MoreRelatedHow Did Jews Become White Folks?917 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals have been discriminated against based on their religion, culture, race, and sexual orientation. The article â€Å"How Did Jews Become White Folks?† by Karen B. Brodkin highlighted the struggles that European immigrants, Jews, and African Americans faced in the United States pre and post World War II. In her article Brodkin focused on the idea of â€Å"whiteness† in America, and how the word has evolved over time to include a variety of ethnicities. Since its inception, America has been called theRead MoreMichael Omi And Howard Winant : Define And Break Down The Essential Information Behind This Theory Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesthe concepts set forth by Omi and Winant. Beginning with the findings from Buck’s Constructing Race, Creating White Privilege, there are multiple, brilliant examples of racial mixing and establishing â€Å"whiteness,† both being main points discussed in Omi and Winant’s racialization theory. Buck establishes that ideas about race weren’t truly established until the late 1700s, and how physical differences were seldom ever noticed beforehand. This is illustrated with stories of different individualsRead More Social Stratification in India and the United States Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pageswealthy and usually become powerful figures in society, such as politicians or the owners of major corporations (Louis Alvarez and Andrew Kolker, 2001). On the other hand, the lower class is composed of hard working people who are poor and usually stay within their strata due to race, lifestyle and the occupations that are available to them with little or no opportunity for upward mobility. For example, Kar en Brodkin Sacks asserts in her article â€Å"How Did Jews Become White Folks,† that â€Å"the UnitedRead MoreBlack Lives Matter Is An International Activist Movement Essay1624 Words   |  7 Pagessupported by the African American community and was created in reaction to violence and racism towards African Americans. This movement began in 2013 when Trayvon Martin, an African American teenager was shot and killed by George Zimmerman who was a white police officer. Although the Black Lives Matter movement has many supporters, 78% of voting Americans favor All Lives Matter, a movement that criticizes Black Lives Matter, because they can relate to it and takes into account other races and not onlyRead MorePolice Gang And A National Crime Syndicate1200 Words   |  5 PagesGangs Gangs Gangs The Aryan Brotherhood, also known as the Brand, or the AB, Alice Baker, or One-Two, is the nation’s oldest , but major white supremacist prison gang and a national crime syndicate in the United States. The AB was founded in 1964 by Irish bikers as a form of protection for white inmates in newly desegregated prisons; the AB is today the largest and deadliest prison gang in the United States, with an estimated of about 20,000 members inside prisons and on the streets. These membersRead More Theme of Courage in Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Hypocrisy, Protecting the innocent and Prejudice, which are brought out to the same extent. The author explores the idea of courage in the novel. Atticus shows true courage by defending Tom Robinson, a black man charged with the rape of a white woman. Atticus continues to fight for justice despite knowing he can’t win the case because he is doing what he knows is right. The town is against this†¦.. This is shown when Atticus watches over Tom Robinson outside his goal cell the night he hasRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird: Mans Inhumanity to Man Essay examples1666 Words   |  7 Pagesintentions are not cruel, merely childish and playful – as they are. However some examples of inhumanity found in the novel are not as innocent. An evident struggle that continues throughout the book, is the inhumanity black people suffer at the hands of white people; as well as men`s towering empowerment over women, which is often shown in violence and other cruelty. It is evident in the novel, that racism of all kinds affects the everyday lives of many people. Though this may be a fictional story, theRead MoreThe Universal Declaration Of Human Rights, Article 11,1475 Words   |  6 Pagesblack residents are equal to its white ones. But others - Atticus, Miss Maudie, Judge Taylor - treat everyone equally, with respect, kindness, and reason. Yet it is not through these characters that we see Tom Robinson’s trial. We watch from the balcony through the eyes of the children - Scout, Jem, and Dill. We see them learn the law and the unwritten rules of society. Scout and Dill, in particular, are blank slates who begin to develop ideas of equality and become repulsed by the cruelty and hypocrisyRead MoreThe American Of The United States1559 Words   |  7 Pagesexclusion, to Japanese internment, the United States has a plethora of examples where the state failed to promote racial equality and harmony. There is no questioning that these are the facts of history, but there are many questions as to why and how these injustices occurred in a nation founded on the ideal that all men were created equal. The only way to unpack these questions is to examine and explore the notion of race itself. Some would argue that race is biological, that people are destinedRead MorePublic Service At The Station1434 Words   |  6 Pagescontest to â€Å"be a disk jockey for the dayâ₠¬  (Kellogg 2016). Even after the contest had finished and her prize received, she would continue to work at the station writing PSA’s (public service announcements) and was assigned other errands. She would see how â€Å"the music was being ‘sold’†, the meetings between the disk jockeys and the record companies’ representatives carrying along artists to persuade the station to play their music (Kellogg 2016). In her time working, Payola was a scandal that raised the

Mellon Strategic Analysis Free Essays

Strategic Mangement CASE: Mellon 1)The most important general environmental factors for Mellon are; a. Economics: Mellon specializes in managing company’s finance, there for it is very important for the economy to prosper in order for Mellon to retain clients and perform their specialization. b. We will write a custom essay sample on Mellon Strategic Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Political/Legal: Since Mellon operates out of the U. S and Canada, it is very important that laws and regulations are exercised to avoid conflict. There is a great deal of regulations associated with the finance and banking industry. c. Global Segments: It is very important that the Canadian market performs well because Mellon has a joint venture with CIBC who operates out of Canada. 2)The most important of the five industry forces are; a. Threat of substitute products: Mellon and CIBC offer a very unique service by combining both firms specialization, they are able to offer a one of a kind service for large firms. Therefore it is very hard for companies to find other superior service compared to Mellon’s. b. Rivalry among competing firms – Mellon and CIBC has a huge market share in this line of financial service. Mellon and CIBC offer the best services in its field while also offering the best customer service. The exceptional service combined with their long portfolio allows them to have the competitive advantage eliminating any rivalries. c. The industry is not attractive to new entrants 3)The two major competitors are UBS AG and Bank of Montreal. UBS AG is another financial services company that operates worldwide. I predict that this company will allocate more of their services to the U. S and Canada to compete with CIBC Mellon. Bank of Montreal offers banking services, they have a huge presence in Canada and also has locations in the U. S. I predict that they will create a joint venture with a financial service company such as UBS AG to compete with CIBC Mellon. Like CIBC Mellon. 4)The most important value chains are; a. Human Resources: CIBC and Mellon both possess a unique set of knowledge and skills. Knowledge and skills are transferred from one to the other; by doing this they are able to deliver their services. b. Finance: ICBS Mellon is a financial service provider, they not only service other firms but it is crucial they manage their own finance well in order to expand and finance future projects. c. Follow-up service: The company is all service base, in order for them to retain clients they must follow strict follow-up services and maintain a dependable CRM system. d. I believe the following value chains are neutral compared to their competitors. Each of the competitors possess equivalent value chains, ICBS Mellon has the competitor advantage due to their location of operation and clientele. )The important ratio’s for the company are Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Leverage Ratio, equity-to-loans, total capital. Was not able to find actually ratio numbers for Mellon. 6)SWOT; a. Strength: Control large market shares, strong human capital, good synergy through JV, large presence both in Canada and U. S, acquisitions of major banks, strong financial availability. b. Weakness: unable to control economic conditions, difference in laws and regulation. c. Opportunity: Global expansion, acquire more industry competitions. . Threats: global economy, other major banking and financial service institutions. 67) ICBC Mellon major advantages are their large presence in both the U. S and Canada. By acquiring many of the large players in the industry, they are able to reduce competition and remain in business despite the economic conditions. One of their greatest weaknesses is the uncontrollable economy. They are unable to control where the industry is leading; it could slow now new acquisitions and expansion into other global segments. They are Valuable because they are able to neutralize their threats by acquisitions, they are Rare because they are offer both financial and banking services, they are not easy to imitate nor substitutable due to their excellence in servicing and market control. 8)Business level – Focus Strategy, Corporate Level – Moderate Level of Diversification w/ related constraints, International Level – Transnational Strategy. The above analogy fits because they operate both in the U. S and Canada, they utilize both the companies specialization to services their customers. The company offers a diversified selection of services, using all heir resources together to provide their services. 9)The firm’s problem is the downturn of the economics, they fear of not being able to control the outcome of it and that it may affect the joint venture relationship. They face many risk such as credit risk, operational risk, and market risk. Their main concern is the peace of mind o f current customers and the ability to gain new customers under the circumstances. In this situation, they do not much control. The main focus should be to maintain the current customers. I believe they would take up to more risk by obtaining new accounts. They should try and balance the risk between the U. S economic and CAN. During this time, I believe they should even leave the markets that is creating most risk for them and focusing on what is safest. They need to implement Strategy to stay competitive in the market. By focusing on Strategy, they will remain strong while the other companies take the damage from the economic downturn. 10) a) Should ICBC Mellon focus more of their business in Canada due to their better economy? b) Would ICBC be better off if they had broke off the Joint Venture when times got tough as it is now? How to cite Mellon Strategic Analysis, Essay examples

A Brief Introduction on Big Data 5Vs Characteristics and Hadoop Techno

Question: Discuss about A Brief Introduction on Big Data 5Vs Characteristics and Hadoop Technology? Answer: Literature review Action Research The researcher has verified eight references and on the basis of that it is to be finalized to take Oracle as a Hadoop technology company for conversion into traditional and relational database. On the basis of some research paper the researcher has stated some detailed part of data analyst and Hadoop system technology. Oracle Data integration Overview Oracle data integration is a process of extracting, transforming and loading data to the targeted database. The processes apply the declarative design tool referred to as the Oracle Data Integrator preferable known as the ELT tool. The integration process is defined by the knowledge modules that focus on the technical implementation of the data. The tool has been the replacement to the Oracle Warehouse Builder (Greenwald, Stackowiak Stern, 2013). History of the company According to Boyd-Bowman (2012), Oracle Corporation has been in the front database, warehousing, and related data management technologies provider. Technologies have facilitated the creation of the middleware, big data and the cloud-related solutions in the recent time. ODI is a strategic data integration platform of Oracle that was released in July 2010. The application has the origin from the Oracle Synopsis that was acquired in October 2006. The ODI provided the easy to use and a better approach to satisfy the data integration requirements of the Oracle software products. Advantages of Oracle Data Integration The Oracle Data Integrator Enterprise Edition applications have an environment that enables the developers to have the focus to architecting interfaces that gets them have know-how on what developers are supposed to do and in which way. The feature gets the tremendous reduction in the development cost and the faster delivery of the module or application. The application guarantees high performance such that the Oracle Data Integrator can run very well on the Oracle Exadata that provides the most efficient and effective data integration platform. Oracle Data Integrator has a feature of heterogeneity that provides the capability and the flexibility of deploying the Oracle database implementation to any other database. It does not waste any resources during the implementation processes. The processes do boost the delivery of the project as the Oracle Data Integrator contains over 100 extensible data integrations. The Oracle Data Integrator provides some strong connections with the business intelligence, data warehousing, and the SOA technologies applied in the decoupling of the business applications and the transformation of large files of data (Oracle, 2011). Architecture of Oracle The Oracle architecture consists of two major parts of the Oracle Instance and the Oracle database (Kyte Kuhn, 2014). Oracle Instance defines the means of accessing the Oracle database by enabling one database to be opened at a time. The Oracle instance has the internal memory structures and background processes. The background processes may include the PMON, RECO, SMON, DBWO, LGWR, DOOO, CKPT, and others which are computer programs that perform the input and output functionalities to the Oracle Database. The processes extend the capability to monitor other prospective Oracle processes for the purposes of ensuring that the database is reliable and performs accordingly. The internal memory structure referred to as System Global Area (SGA) is allocated at any time the instance starts up and it goes hand in hand with the background process. The System Global Area (SGA) describes a shared memory region that contains the data and the control information for a single instance that is runn ing and it gets deallocated once the instance is shut down. There is another memory process Global Area (PGA) that is applied to a single process and cannot be shared amongst the processes. It contains the sort area, cursor state, stack space and the session information. The Oracle database of the Oracle architecture contains the files at times called an operating system file that does store the database information of an organization or a firm. The sampled files may be the redo logs files that are applicable during the recovery of the database, in any case, application program failure, and the instance failure. The archived redo logs files that are applied to recover the database in case of disk fail, parameter file for specifying the parameters used in the configuration of the Oracle instance when it starts. Also, the password file that is applied to special database users authentication and the alert and trace log files used to store the information about the errors and actions that affect the database configuration. Figure 1. Shows the Oracle Architecture (Source: Hu et al. 2014, pp-780) Internship responsibility The internship program will be undertaken with holding the position of the programmer analyst under the field of Oracle Data Integration. During the program, the job roles will have some designated roles, duties, and responsibilities. The job roles will get involved in the definition of the ETL architecture where the integration of data will be done. The integration will be made at the real time by batch processing to populate the Warehouse, and the job roles will employ the Oracle Data Integration Enterprise application. the job roles will be involved with the administration and management of the database where the job roles will be responsible for data modeling. The modeling includes the creation of the logical and physical models applicable for staging, transition and production of the warehouse. Also, the job roles will be responsible for undertaking data analysis, the designing and developing of the database environment. The job roles will apply the ODI Knowledge Modules of reverse engineering, loading, check, integration, and service to create interfaces that the job roles will apply to cleaning, loading and transforming data from data source to data targeted destination. Other than the above duties the job roles will create some scripts in UNIX to aid in data transformation also create the presentation catalogs; folders followed with the performance of Global Consistency Check in the Oracle Business Intelligence Administration Tool. Proposal Iteration 1: orientation and planning The first step that the job roles already experienced is the orientation of the company. In this iteration all the information about the company is known. HR Manager also discussed about the working hours and the job description. Initially, the job roles will be provided with all the softwares and books to learn Oracle. Basic concepts are taught by the lead employees and daily tasks are given to prove our caliber. This iteration mainly bothers about learning Oracle and gathering all the important information about Oracle. Another good thing in this iteration is that we attend the weekly meeting, seminars and taking small responsibilities to adjust to the work environment At the end, we must try to reach goals and objectives of the job responsibilities set by the HR Manager and Project Manager (M Sreedevi, personal communication, January 27, 2016). Finally, the ID card was issued by the manager and separate system in the office was allocated (M Sreedevi, personal communication, January 28, 2016). Iteration 2: Understanding of the Oracle concepts An advanced understanding of the oracle application needs an intensive training about 30 days which is my second iteration. During my training the job roles will undertake research about the Oracle data integration which will be accompanied by the reading of the books and journals. To supplement the content, the job roles will make consultations from the individuals who are already in the field for clarification of the ideas behind the concept. The training usually starts with history of Oracle followed by Oracle instance and Oracle data base (Y Venkat, personal communication, January 29, 2016). Iteration 3: Data Analysis and Requirement Definition The job roles will work hand in hand with the development team in analyzing the company data so as to have the determination of the requirements that will guide the development of the data warehouse for the company. During the iteration of data analysis and requirement definition, the job roles will undertake feasibility study of staff and the stake holders of the company so as to define the appropriate information that will describe their requirements. In the end, the job roles would have the knowledge to data analysis, field feasibility and overall determination of system requirements. Iteration 4: Database designing Upon identification of the requirements, the job roles will go ahead to design the database. The design will provide a prototype that will aid in the identification of redundancy within the database and provide the appropriate correctness. The designing process will help me the apply the appropriate ideas so as to go by providing some relational diagrams so as to ensure the whole system meets the requirements defined and goes by the standards of the company. The job roles will gain the experience of database designing that gives the view of the actual look of the final database system. The output will be applied as the guide to the follow-up iteration. Research paper Big data Hadoop Big data is about two basic things big data and analytics. The definition of big data is totally depends on the storage. There are also other mixture of big data namely data velocity and data variety. The three basic Vs of big data analytics is volume, variety and velocity. Hadoop system is a framework written on Java programming language as open source software. It is used for distributed processing and storage of very huge sets on clusters of computers. It was supported by Apache Software Foundation with an initial release on 2011. The below diagram is the ecosystem of Big data Hadoop system: Problem of implementation of Big Data Hadoop system Challenges Assessment of risk: In every multi-national company the technology of Hadoop results a very high risk. New and latest innovative tools result the technology spoof of risk management throughout the organization. Business real time analytics: There is a great mismatch between several businesses that where should they allocate the available resources. In most of the company data and business work very fast than employees. However, it becomes a bottleneck in some places as it is very useful technology. Proper rate of Interest: Big data Hadoop technology incurs a high overhead in almost all industry. The company had to maintain high rate of investment in future so that the investors and the stakeholders manipulates the company share. Potential for big data: The application of big data potential will soon be unlocked. In a definite way the company with a personal profile on any websites will interact with big data in a customized way. Need to transform into Hadoop As compared to traditional database Hadoop system include tolerant fault storage known as HDFS which is able to capture large amount of data and information incrementally and it has the capacity of survival into the storage. Additional features like volume, variety and velocity of data, timeliness, heterogeneous in nature, resistance of map reduction is available as compared to any traditional database management system. Reasons to overcome the problem of present data in traditional database system It is very important to collaborate with solution of digital advanced technology i.e., a customized system of technology with respect to big data Hadoop technology. By maintain and integrating database management system the organization allows getting accessible from different channel source. To appoint a highly qualified trained employee for maintaining big data Hadoop technology is very crucial for the company. As the technology lacks the personal interaction between different superior and subordinates it is very important to follow some guidelines which increases the rate of interest and reduce cost lie fixed and variable. Architecture of how to connect to the database The below is the diagrammatic view of how Hadoop system is connect to the traditional database system. Figure 2: Hadoop architecture (Source: Hu et al. 2014, pp-685) How to Sqoop the data in to the Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) using Oracle Database Management System and various methods used Figure: 1 It implies adapters application of Hadoop. Figure 3: Oracle Hadoop Environment (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-265) Figure: 2 It addresses two knowledge modules called Movie which contain package, mappings, variables and scenario. The below database contains movies of data,genres movie, and cast movie. Figure 4: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Hu et al. 2014, pp-690) Figure: 3 In this module: (1) IKM SQL to Hadoop system using (Sqoop) are designed for import of data, (2) IKM SQL to Hadoop Hive system using (Sqoop) are based on large datasets, (3) Knowledge tasks module: (i) to generate script of sqoop, (ii) addition of execution to script of sqoop, (iii) to execute script of sqoop, (iv) to remove script of sqoop and (v) to remove file of logs. Figure 5: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Hu et al. 2014, pp-658) Figure: 4 In this figure knowledge module for the IKM SQL to HDFS (Sqoop) and the IKM SQL to HDFS Hive (Sqoop) is configured. Figure 6: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Hu et al. 2014, pp-658) Figure: 5 In this figure the module knowledge are documented and ODI variables thus increases the scalability and flexibility of knowledge module. Figure 7: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Mazumdar Dhar 2015, pp-503) Figure: 6 In figure 6, the presentation of mapping of ODI 12C structure of mapping, SQL to HDFS files with two basic instances of reused mapping, My_tv_shows and My_dramas for import of data from a pack of relational database tables into two different targets HDFS directories: Tv_shows and Dramas. Figure 8: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Mazumdar Dhar 2015, pp-520) Figure: 7 Figure 7 shows the condition of filter or the target of HDFS directory known as Tv_shows. Figure 9: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Mazumdar Dhar 2015, pp-515) Figure: 8 It reflects the reused ODI mapping, My_movies which is used by the 12C ODI (SQL to File Sqoop). This reused system of mapping use another components like joins, datasets, filters, and set of distinct sets. The components of filters data is done by movie year. Figure 10: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-358) Figure: 9 It illustrates the mapping of basic ODI with two specifications of deployment: the Incremental import and the Initial import. The above mentioned specifications of deployment use the IKM SQL to HDFS File (Sqoop) in datastores: Tv_shows and Dramas. Figure 11: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Mazumdar Dhar 2015, pp-621) Figure: 10 It reflects the specifications of deployment for the data stores called Tv_shows. It imports data in Overwrite mode and adding to the new dataset. (2) A variable named Var_Movie_Year has been used as a suffix name for the HDFS document and temperorary object name. Figure 12: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Mazumdar Dhar 2015, pp-256) Figure: 11 It also reflects the specifications of deployment for the data stores called Tv_shows. It imports data in Overwrite mode and adding to the new dataset. (2) A variable named Var_Movie_Year has been used as a suffix name for the HDFS document and temperorary object name. Figure 13: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Mazumdar Dhar 2015, pp-645) Figure: 12 It shows two parallel executions that can be implemented and designed by selecting data stores and by addressing those data stores from outside of group execution. This action will normally create another unit execution of the selected data stores in the same unit group execution. Figure 14: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-525) Figure: 13 It shows the Initial deployment specification for HDFS directories, Tv_shows, and Dramas. In this context, the sets of importing Sqoop will reduce the time of loading the data from the relational database into directories of HDFS directories. Figure 15: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-458) Figure: 14 It shows the log of sessions for the deployment of Initial Import specification. The units of two executions are Drama and Tv Shows were located parallel. Figure 16: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-215) Figure: 15 It explains the ODI package design known as Pkg_Sql_To_HDFS_File_Initial. The initial package and executions scenario is parallel to Sql to HDFS file. Figure 17: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-608) Figure: 16 It illustrates the operator of ODI with three basic scenarios. The actual package has already completed its execution except running status scenario. The below diagram will explain the data sets. Figure 18: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-589) Figure: 17 In figure 17, the levels of parallelism with ODI and Sqoop are indentified. The diagram is divided into three levels. In level 1, the package of ODI is used to launch mapping of ODI in parallel. In level 2, the parallel session is designed for Sqoop mapping with more than one Hive table and HDFS table. In level 3, The mappers of Sqoop can be implemented and used to import data sets in parallel. Figure 19: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-525) Figure: 18 In figure 18, it shows an illustration of configuration of physical schema to File technology. The file type move_file is used to represent the directory of HDFS in Sqoop module knowledge. Figure 20: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-548) Figure: 19 It configures the system of physical schema to HIVE technology. The schema directory of Movie_demo is HIVE database where the target is physically located. Figure 21: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-514) Figure: 20 The below example shows the steps of configuration of Sqoop module knowledge in a mapping of 12C ODI: Figure 22: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-548) Figure: 21 Figure 21 reflects the module of load knowledge option by selecting FILTER_AP option. Figure 23: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-210) Figure: 22 It shows the window which reflects the properties of data store target known as Tv_shows. The module knowledge option in data store is IKM SQL to HDFS file system (Sqoop). Figure 24: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-526) Figure: 23 In this figure the technology used in SQL is Oracle and the schema which is logical is known as Movie demo. Figure 25: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-256) Figure: 24 It shows the example of area box staging and enhances the module knowledge by selecting the target box area. Figure 26: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-512) Figure: 25 In this figure, using the target property area the integration of Sqoop strategy is import. Figure 27: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-203) Figure 28: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-550) The researcher will make the reader understand by mentioning the following steps: Prepare the input Map (). Run the provider user Map () code. Shuffle the output of the map code. Run the provider user Reduce () code. Produce the result output. Master slave architecture Master slave architecture is a communication model protocol where the process has uni directional over control of more than one system. Figure 29: Steps of Hadoop technology into traditional relational database system (Source: Chen, Mao Liu 2014, pp-874) Various tools for map reducing technique for both structured and unstructured real time streaming data Tracker of job: The node master that integrates resources in a cluster. Trackers of task: The deployed agents of cluster in each machine to reduce the task and to run the map. Server job history: The tracking components are deployed with a separate function or with job tracker. Use of Hcatalog, Storm, Hive mechanism and Mahout technology. Conclusion This is to conclude that the system of Big data Hadoop technology has improved several technological factor of company. Oracle has implemented Sqoop technology and enhanced many advanced technology through the conversion of Hadoop technology to traditional database system. It is mostly used in many multi-national industries to validate appropriate theories. In business the concept of data analytics is very popular and changing the emerging sectors of many database based company. References Anuradha, J. (2015). A Brief Introduction on Big Data 5Vs Characteristics and Hadoop Technology.Procedia Computer Science,48, 319-324. Chen, M., Mao, S., Liu, Y. (2014). Big data: A survey.Mobile Networks and Applications,19(2), 171-209. Davenport, T. H., Barth, P., Bean, R. (2012). How big data is different.MIT Sloan Management Review,54(1), 43. Dev, D., Patgiri, R. (2014, December). Performance evaluation of HDFS in big data management. InHigh Performance Computing and Applications (ICHPCA), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 1-7). IEEE. Dittrich, J., Quian-Ruiz, J. A. (2012). Efficient big data processing in Hadoop MapReduce.Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment,5(12), 2014-2015. Dubey, V., Gupta, S., Garg, S. (2015). Performing Big Data over Cloud on a Test-Bed.International Journal of Computer Applications,120(10). Fan, W., Bifet, A. (2013). Mining big data: current status, and forecast to the future.ACM sIGKDD Explorations Newsletter,14(2), 1-5. Ferrando-Llopis, R., Lopez-Berzosa, D., Mulligan, C. (2013, October). Advancing value creation and value capture in data-intensive contexts. InBig Data, 2013 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 5-9). IEEE. Garlasu, D., Sandulescu, V., Halcu, I., Neculoiu, G., Grigoriu, O., Marinescu, M., Marinescu, V. (2013, January). A big data implementation based on Grid computing. InRoedunet International Conference (RoEduNet), 2013 11th(pp. 1-4). IEEE. Hashem, I. A. T., Yaqoob, I., Anuar, N. B., Mokhtar, S., Gani, A., Khan, S. U. (2015). The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues.Information Systems,47, 98-115. Howson, C., Hammond, M. (2014).Successful Business Intelligence: Unlock the Value of BI Big Data. McGraw-Hill Education. Hu, H., Wen, Y., Chua, T. S., Li, X. (2014). Toward scalable systems for big data analytics: a technology tutorial.Access, IEEE,2, 652-687. Kashyap, K., Deka, C., Rakshit, S. (2014). A review on big data, hadoop and its impact on business.International Journal of Innovative Research and Development,3(12). Katal, A., Wazid, M., Goudar, R. H. (2013, August). Big data: issues, challenges, tools and good practices. InContemporary Computing (IC3), 2013 Sixth International Conference on(pp. 404-409). IEEE. Kim, G. H., Trimi, S., Chung, J. H. (2014). Big-data applications in the government sector.Communications of the ACM,57(3), 78-85. Landset, S., Khoshgoftaar, T. M., Richter, A. N., Hasanin, T. (2015). A survey of open source tools for machine learning with big data in the Hadoop ecosystem.Journal of Big Data,2(1), 1-36. Liu, P., Wu, Z. F., Hu, G. Y. (2013). Big data: profound changes are taking place.ZTE Technol. J,19(4), 2-7. Mazumdar, S., Dhar, S. (2015, March). Hadoop as Big Data Operating System--The Emerging Approach for Managing Challenges of Enterprise Big Data Platform. InBig Data Computing Service and Applications (BigDataService), 2015 IEEE First International Conference on(pp. 499-505). IEEE. McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E., Davenport, T. H., Patil, D. J., Barton, D. (2012). Big data.The management revolution. Harvard Bus Rev,90(10), 61-67. ODriscoll, A., Daugelaite, J., Sleator, R. D. (2013). Big data, Hadoop and cloud computing in genomics.Journal of biomedical informatics,46(5), 774-781. O'Leary, D. E. (2013). Artificial intelligence and big data.IEEE Intelligent Systems, (2), 96-99. Padhy, R. P. (2013). Big data processing with Hadoop-MapReduce in cloud systems.International Journal of Cloud Computing and Services Science,2(1), 16. Prajapati, V. (2013).Big data analytics with R and Hadoop. Packt Publishing Ltd. Purcell, B. (2013). The emergence of" big data" technology and analytics.Journal of Technology Research,4, 1. Raghupathi, W., Raghupathi, V. (2014). Big data analytics in healthcare: promise and potential.Health Information Science and Systems,2(1), 3. Rani, G., Kumar, S. (2015). Hadoop Technology to Analyze Big Data. Sharma, M., Hasteer, N., Tuli, A., Bansal, A. (2014, September). Investigating the inclinations of research and practices in hadoop: A systematic review. InConfluence The Next Generation Information Technology Summit (Confluence), 2014 5th International Conference-(pp. 227-231). IEEE. Stich, V., Jordan, F., Birkmeier, M., Oflazgil, K., Reschke, J., Diews, A. (2015). Big Data Technology for Resilient Failure Management in Production Systems. InAdvances in Production Management Systems: Innovative Production Management Towards Sustainable Growth(pp. 447-454). Springer International Publishing. Sun, Z., Chen, F., Chi, M., Zhu, Y. (2015). A Spark-Based Big Data Platform for Massive Remote Sensing Data Processing. InData Science(pp. 120-126). Springer International Publishing. Suthaharan, S. (2014). Big data classification: Problems and challenges in network intrusion prediction with machine learning.ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review,41(4), 70-73. Zhao, J., Wang, L., Tao, J., Chen, J., Sun, W., Ranjan, R., ... Georgakopoulos, D. (2014). A security framework in G-Hadoop for big data computing across distributed Cloud data centres.Journal of Computer and System Sciences,80(5), 994-1007. Zuech, R., Khoshgoftaar, T. M., Wald, R. (2015). Intrusion detection and big heterogeneous data: A survey.Journal of Big Data,2(1), 1-41.

Obamas Religious Beliefs Essay Sample free essay sample

America is in a large argument now on who will be the following campaigner of the Democrats this coming presidential election. There are three possible campaigners for the Democrats. John Edward who might non be chosen. Hillary Clinton. if of all time will be the first adult female president and Barrack Obama who could be the first Black American president. The inquiry being raised by the people right now is the america ready for a black president in the individual of Barrack Hussein Obama. Aside from his name that sounds like Saddam Hussein. it was aired in the intelligence and written magazines along with the newspapers that he is a Muslim. Now. a different inquiry. is America ready for a Muslim president? Is America ready to vote for a black American who happens to be a Muslim? Although issues sing Obama’s faith is now the talk of the town. will it be necessary to vote for a Muslim president. We will write a custom essay sample on Obamas Religious Beliefs Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page who for a long clip practiced Christian religion? Does his faith affairs to the American people or the people would merely accept this fact and travel on in voting for him? Will these issues affect him in his campaigning for presidential term? Barrack’s issue in his faith was supported with facts from other people. newsmans and beginnings. At this minute. the Muslim Community in America is ready to back up Obama in his journey on being the first black president while there are others who strongly oppose this thought and might every bit good trash him in the extroverted election. Barrack Obama’s male parent who was from Kenya but his parents divorced when he was two and so his female parent subsequently on married an Indonesian who was said to be a Muslim. As a kid. he stayed there for 4 old ages and studied the Koran with Muslim kids ( Kristof. 2007 ) . His gramps who was from Kenya was a Muslim but he was non able to run into his gramps. Barrack Obama may non be a existent Moslem but his roots says that his household was portion of this faith. At this point. possibly America is non yet ready for a Muslim president. It is non Obama but it’s his environment that keeps some people off from the thought of his presidential term. The treatment about his faith is truly perplexing. His party didn’t clear up anything about it and so. it is a enigma to the people of America. His ties with Islam and the Muslims are non clear plenty to do a statement ( Ward. 2008 ) . The media is now doing this information a large issue about him. It may do his failure in the election or possibly his manner in being the president. Plants Cited Kristof. Nicholas. â€Å"The New York Times† . 6 March 2007. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. basapa. com/2008Muslim Americans for Obama 08. 2007. muslimsforobama08. com World Wide Web. barrackobama. com

Social Impact of Theodore Roosevelt essays

Social Impact of Theodore Roosevelt essays The Social Impact of Theodore Roosevelt In the post-Gilded Age, America needed a strong President to carry out and embellish upon the social reform and dismantle the corruption left by trusts. Taking over for the late President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt was the upper-class proponent of the people willing to wage the crusade against big business with a boyish vigor to be admired by the entire world. His campaign for the layperson to avoid the extremes of swollen fortunes and grinding poverty is one of Herculean proportions to be remembered for all history. To understand the political beliefs of Teddy Roosevelt, one must understand the man behind the peoples champion. Although wealthy in his youth, young Theodore quickly learned the value of hard work due to his frail body and failing eyesight; this value echoed in his every word and bled into every bill he signed. TR worked tremendously to maintain a healthy body and became quite skilled in many areas of sport, and built a titanic zest for life, which he carried through his presidency. Without adversity, Roosevelts romance with the raw wilderness and his sense of debt to the common person could never have been constructed. Beginning with his role in the Rough Riders, Theodore was a romantic and dynamic American hero for the new era. As President, TR was clever in bringing about his reform and fearless of his antagonists; for Roosevelt felt a president should lead and fight the good fight for the greater good. In May1902, he showed his political clout by arbitrating the coal dispute. TR backed the miners insisting that nobody owned them and by using the pressure of lose, TR composed a square deal for the miners and shook the age of Big Business by proving federal intervention was possible for the common man. When written, The Sherman Anti-trust Act was fruitless but in the inventive forges of R ...

Boots Marketing Strategy

Boots Marketing Strategy INTRODUCTION: Boots (UK) Ltd is also known as boots, It is the leading health and beauty retailer with around 1400 branches alongside in United Kingdom and Ireland. It has also more than 300 branches of Boots optician. Boots is previously known as The Boots Company, it has most its outlets in high streets throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland. Boots is subsidiary company of Alliance Boots. After merger of Alliance Boots and Boots Group Plc., Boots launched. Boots are dealing with 8 million customer every week. Boots develops and sells own brand products, a number of which are leaders in their respective markets. The Boots brand is founded on the trust, expertise and heritage, which comes with its longevity in the market. Boots Group operates three principal businesses: Boots The Chemists; Boots Opticians; and Boots Retail International. Pharmacy is a fundamentally important part of the brand; representing one quarter of sales, it is the foundation of Boots’ authority and credibility. Boots stores are mostly located on high streets; but, in line with modern shopping trends, its presence in edge of town retail parks is rapidly increasing. Over the last three years 48 such stores have opened, as well as a flagship London store on Oxford Street. Overseas, Boots is working closely with other major retailers in their local markets, to open Boots branded within their stores. There are currently 758 implants in 13 countries. Boots also has 96 standalone stores in Thailand. Boots has had an illustrious history. From its beginnings in 1849 as an herbalist shop, Boots has continually developed new product ranges, many of which are now household names in their own right. By the 1930s, Boots had more than 1,000 stores selling a wide range of products. Over the years Boots has successfully introduced brands such as 17 cosmetics, aimed at teenagers, which was introduced in 1968 and new business ventures such as Boots Opticians — now a major division of the business. In 1985 the Research Department received the Queen’s Award for Technological Achievement for the discovery and development of ibuprofen. The analgesic ibuprofen was introduced in 1969 as a prescription drug, but launched as the over the counter brand, Nurofen, in 1983. Boots’ internet business has become increasingly important in the new millennium and a successful part of the brand. Improvements have been made to the online customer experience making navigation easier, resulting in boots.com sales becoming bigger than those of the largest Boots store. Boots is best known for selling a wide range of products under the Boots brand name across health and beauty. The merger between Alliance UniChem plc. and Boots Group plc. was completed on July 1 2006, creating an international pharmacy-led health and beauty group operating in more than 15 countries across the world. The Alliance Boots network will include two retail formats, both under the Boots brand, ranging from approximately 1,500 smaller dispensing pharmacies to approximately 800 larger destination high street and edge of town health and beauty stores. In addition, Alliance Boots will also operate approximately 300 additional retail outlets, including freestanding Boots Opticians practices. Boots is also developing in-store â€Å"health zones† in its bigger stores, which will include extended waiting areas for customers collecting prescriptions. Consultation rooms for pharmacists are also being introduced, as part of a government initiative to alleviate the pressure on GPs’ surgeries.

Parameters of Ethical Decision Making Assignment

Parameters of Ethical Decision Making - Assignment Example However, a difficult choice comes in the conflict between making a decision based on morals or based on values. In this paper , an analysis of John Rawls theory of Justice as fairness will be carried out, together with analysis of other approaches that are used for ethical decision making. Fairness as Justice contains two principles that according to John Rawls, should always work as a unit and not individually in order to achieve their purpose. These include the liberty principle and the equality principle. The fair equality principle and the difference principle are part of the equality principle. The liberty principle sets the human being as the basic minimum standard for the fair and just institution. The equality principle acknowledges the difference in human being and it places that as an advantage to all. This means that the advantages are present to all and a veil of ignorance exits in front of the advantage putting everyone in the original position. Other ethical decision making approaches include utilitarian, universalism, moral rights and cost-benefit approach (Brooks and Dunn, 2010). Ethical decision making according to the utilitarian approach suggests that any action taken should always be for the good to the majority. The two major contributors of this ethical decision making approach are John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism is considered a consequentialist classical approach of normative ethics that places actions as right or wrong based on the overall good and happiness. Act utilitarianism also called direct utilitarianism isolates certain actions under specific conditions while Rule utilitarianism isolates specific rules under specific conditions (Fumerton and Jeske,2010). One non-consequencialist approach to ethical decision making is based on morality. An ethical decision is one that focuses on moral principles despite the consequences. A decision can therefore be deemed ethical if it is perceived the best approach at that

Class Responses Week 9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Class Responses Week 9 - Essay Example The entire world has remembered him for his struggle for the benefit of the whole nation. His beliefs were firmly glued on the concept that for an individual to be a freedom fighter one must suppress several personal feelings (O’Fallon, 2012). As a charismatic leader, Mandela showed that listening to other people’s ideas is the most vital thing for people to do rather than talking or making own decisions without consulting with others. Nelson Mandela characterised by his peaceful nature and being a man who loved peace, he fought for unity across the line of divide in South Africa (Stengel, 2008). Over the conduit of life exertion, Nelson Mandela was forced to make choices that were hard in order to realize his great dream of a democratic, as well as a unified South African country. In my conclusion, Nelson Mandela’s life and what he did to liberate South Africa makes him a transformational leader. Nelson Mandela life has impacted my performance in several dimensions. Through understanding his life, I came to understand that it is always important to listen to other people as they might be having useful ideas that can be helpful. He has also made me understand how great it is to have a peaceful and a unified collaboration among people to fulfill a course of

To See and Not See Essay Example for Free

To See and Not See Essay Have you ever been blind and then regained your sight even for a little while? Here’s another interesting question. If you have been blind and regained your sight for just a little while then, how would you think and how would you feel? It is imaginable that you might experience happiness and excitement at being able to see a world that had been hidden from you for so long; then, after a bit you might experience anger and frustration because of the difficulty adjusting to life as a sighted person. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that these and many other emotions were felt by Virgil, Amy, and his family when he regained his sight after being blind for most of his life. However, despite an operation to regain his sight Virgil loses his sight again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Both the book To See and Not See by Oliver Sacks and the dramatic movie called Love at First Sight starring Val Kilmer as Virgil and Mira Sorvino as Amy tell Virgil’s remarkable story as his travels from darkness to light back to darkness again. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the story and the movie. In addition, I will provide some personal reflection concerning how I would function in everyday life if I were blind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The movie called At First Sight and the story To See and Not See has many differences. Some differences between the story and the movie are important to how the reader/viewer makes note of the key differences and some differences between the story and the movie aren’t important to how the reader/viewer look at the differences between the two mediums. There are many case studies of other blind people who have regained their sight for a while just like Virgil’s case. In fact, the story illustrated these other case studies such as a patient who went by the initials H.S. in order to compare and track Virgil progress and regression after the operation (Sacks, 1994, 10). The movie didn’t talk about other people who had been blind almost the entire lives and then regained their sight for a short time. This difference isn’t important to the evaluation of the two mediums.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In contrast, there is a difference between the story and the movie that does make an important difference in looking at the key points between the two genres. In the story Virgil and Amy had met and dated many years before they met again and ultimately married and in the movie Amy and Virgil had never met before they met at the spa. In addition, Amy in the movie had never been married and Amy in the story had been married before when she met Virgil. This is an important difference because some people when they have gone through life changing events such as moving and divorce would contact someone they liked and felt comfortable around. Therefore, it makes perfect sense that Amy would contact Virgil who she had dated before and felt comfortable with him. Also, the fact that in the story Amy and Virgil got married and in the movie Amy and Virgil are just dating make a huge difference because married people might stay together in times of crisis and a dating couple may decide that being together in times of crisis isn’t worth it and they may break up.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Also, I think that the fact that Amy has health problems in the story and she doesn’t have health problems in the movie provides her with different motivations for Virgil having the operation to restore his vision. In the movie At First Sight, Amy motivation for Virgil having the operation may be grounded in the fact that they are involved in a new love relationship. Also, she could wish Virgil to have the eye surgery because she is a perfectionist and if he has the operation to restore he will be perfect in her eyes (At First Sight, 1999). In the movie it seems as if Amy equates having the operation with having the â€Å"perfect† life with Virgil. In contrast, Amy in the story has health problems herself such as diabetes and asthma. In fact, Amy had to quit her job as a botanist due to her asthma (Sacks, 1994, 5). In the story, it seems as if Amy’s motivation for Virgil having the operation involves trying to help Virgil get better using the doctors that Amy uses to help her with her eye check ups due to diabetes (Sacks, 1994, 5). Due to the different motivations that prevail for Virgil having the operation the viewer of the movie might see Amy as selfish whereas the reader might feel for Amy and root for her and Virgil because of their health problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I think that it is hard to give a concrete answer to the question whether operations to restore sight should be performed. It seems as if both in the movie and in the story Virgil had more problems when he could see than when he was blind. In the story when Virgil was blind he enjoyed life more because he loved going to the zoo to touch the gorillas and the giraffes. He also loved listening to baseball games when he was blind. However, when he could see and he went to the zoo he wasn’t allowed to touch any of the animals. Therefore he didn’t enjoy the zoo. Also, he lost his job due to complications from the operation (Sacks, 1994, 15, 20). Therefore, it seems that Virgil had freedom and independence when he was blind and he acted like a scared little child when he could see a bit. In fact, in the movie Virgil screams when he hears loud horns and sees bright colored cars coming at him (At First Sight, 1999). Therefore, based on these two examples it would seem that there needs to be more discussion and thought before allowing operations that restore sight. I think that people who have had their sight restored should have the option to have a Seeing Eye dog until they adjust to the world as a sighted person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If I were blind then, I would have to have to have much help in learning to adjust to not being able to see. I am an avid reader and I love to cook and bake. Therefore, it would be hard getting used to reading with my hands and learning a different way of cooking and baking. I would be frustrated if I regained my sight and then lost it again I feel for Virgil in both the story and as I watched the movie. However, I felt more sympathy for Amy in the story rather than Amy in the movie. I think the moral of both the story and the movie is sight doesn’t always give you the freedom or perfection that you seek.

The Awakening: Casting Shadows :: essays research papers

The Awakening: Casting Shadows Happiness; is it essential or is it a mere unimportant simplistic virtue in life's plans? Does everyone have the right to happiness? It is stated in the Constitution that we as Americans have the right to life, liberty, and the PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS. In the novel The Awakening by Kate Chopin the main Character Edna has the â€Å"perfect life†. The sweet loving husband, the cute children, enormous amounts of money and an extremely large house. Yet with all of this Edna is partially happy, but is not fulfilled. Since having a rushed marriage to spite her parents Edna never took time to examine her life to see what she wanted out of it. Edna late in the marriage wanted the freedom to explore her mind, find herself and find what this person liked. In the following I will defend the actions Edna took to find her happiness as irrational as they may seem. This story took place in the late 1800's when women's liberation was never heard of. In this era women were supposed to find happiness in serving their husbands and taking care of the children. There were no other options within the restrictive boundaries of marriage, and divorce was never an alternative. Women's lives were austere and self enrichment or self gratification were often times cast aside relative to the more mundane tasks of daily life. Most women accepted this but Edna did not. She figured that life was more than constantly doing for someone else. She wanted time for herself in order to figure out who she was. Some may see this as selfish but everyone is entitled to â€Å"me† time and space. Although I admit she did not go about it in the best way at times; Edna still was in going in the right direction. Edna's marriage to Leonce Pontellier was to spite her father the Colonel because Leonce was of a different religious faith. Also, Leonce was unceasingly devoted to Edna which was something that had never occurred in any other relationship. Edna, who had not experienced many male relationships before this was naive when it came to men. This naivetà © affected her in such a way that she neither knew love and it's limitations nor the experience it took to make it through a relationship. This showed Edna's immaturity which was a big issue in this story. This shown as the woman inside who had been asleep all those years. Her relationship with Leonce was what she sought to find happiness in. After six years of marriage to Leonce, Edna felt an ever-growing void in her The Awakening: Casting Shadows :: essays research papers The Awakening: Casting Shadows Happiness; is it essential or is it a mere unimportant simplistic virtue in life's plans? Does everyone have the right to happiness? It is stated in the Constitution that we as Americans have the right to life, liberty, and the PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS. In the novel The Awakening by Kate Chopin the main Character Edna has the â€Å"perfect life†. The sweet loving husband, the cute children, enormous amounts of money and an extremely large house. Yet with all of this Edna is partially happy, but is not fulfilled. Since having a rushed marriage to spite her parents Edna never took time to examine her life to see what she wanted out of it. Edna late in the marriage wanted the freedom to explore her mind, find herself and find what this person liked. In the following I will defend the actions Edna took to find her happiness as irrational as they may seem. This story took place in the late 1800's when women's liberation was never heard of. In this era women were supposed to find happiness in serving their husbands and taking care of the children. There were no other options within the restrictive boundaries of marriage, and divorce was never an alternative. Women's lives were austere and self enrichment or self gratification were often times cast aside relative to the more mundane tasks of daily life. Most women accepted this but Edna did not. She figured that life was more than constantly doing for someone else. She wanted time for herself in order to figure out who she was. Some may see this as selfish but everyone is entitled to â€Å"me† time and space. Although I admit she did not go about it in the best way at times; Edna still was in going in the right direction. Edna's marriage to Leonce Pontellier was to spite her father the Colonel because Leonce was of a different religious faith. Also, Leonce was unceasingly devoted to Edna which was something that had never occurred in any other relationship. Edna, who had not experienced many male relationships before this was naive when it came to men. This naivetà © affected her in such a way that she neither knew love and it's limitations nor the experience it took to make it through a relationship. This showed Edna's immaturity which was a big issue in this story. This shown as the woman inside who had been asleep all those years. Her relationship with Leonce was what she sought to find happiness in. After six years of marriage to Leonce, Edna felt an ever-growing void in her

Hotel Management System Essay

The following subsections of the Software Requirements Specifications (SRS) document provide an overview of the entire SRS. 1.1 Purpose The Software Requirements Specification (SRS) will provide a detailed description of the requirements for the Hotel Management System (HMS). This SRS will allow for a complete understanding of what is to be expected of the HMS to be constructed. The clear understanding of the HMS and its’ functionality will allow for the correct software to be developed for the end user and will be used for the development of the future stages of the project. This SRS will provide the foundation for the project. From this SRS, the HMS can be designed, constructed, and finally tested. This SRS will be used by the software engineers constructing the HMS and the hotel end users. The software engineers will use the SRS to fully understand the expectations of this HMS to construct the appropriate software. The hotel end users will be able to use this SRS as a â€Å"test† to see if the software engineers will be constructing the system to their expectations. If it is not to their expectations the end users can specify how it is not to their liking and the software engineers will change the SRS to fit the end users’ needs. 1.2 Scope The software product to be produced is a Hotel Management System which will automate the major hotel operations. The first subsystem is a Reservation and Booking System to keep track of reservations and room availability. The second subsystem is the Tracking and Selling Food System that charges the current room. The third subsystem is a General Management Services and Automated Tasks System which generates reports to audit all hotel operations and allows modification of subsystem information. These three subsystems’ functionality will be described in detail in section 2-Overall Description. There are two en users for the HMS. The end users are the hotel staff (customer service representative) and hotel managers. Both user types can access the Reservation and Booking System and the Food Tracking and Selling System. The General Management System will be restricted to management users. The Hotel Management System’s objectives is to provide a system to manage a hotel that has increased in size to a total of 100 rooms. Without automation the management of the hotel has become an unwieldy task. The end users’ day-to-day jobs of managing a hotel will be simplified by a considerable amount through the automated system. The system will be able to handle many services to take care of all customers in a quick manner. The system should be user appropriate, easy to use, provide easy recovery of errors and have an overall end user high subjective satisfaction. 1.3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations. SRS – Software Requirements Specification HMS – Hotel Management System Subjective satisfaction – The overall satisfaction of the system End users – The people who will be actually using the system 1.4 Overview The SRS is organized into two main sections. The first is The Overall Description and the second is the Specific Requirements. The Overall Description will describe the requirements of the HMS from a general high level perspective. The Specific Requirements section will describe in detail the requirements of the system. 2 The Overall Description Describes the general factors that affect the product and its requirements. This section does not state specific requirements. Instead it provides a background for those requirements, which are defined in section 3, and makes them easier to understand. 2.1 Product Perspective The HMS is an independent stand–alone system. It is totally self contained. 2.1.1 Hardware Interfaces The HMS will be placed on PC’s throughout the hotel. 2.1.2 Software Interfaces All databases for the HMS will be configured using Oracle 8i. These databases include hotel rooms and customers information. These can be modified by the end users. The room database will include the room numbers and if they are vacant or occupied. The customers information database will contain all the information of the customer such as first name, last name, number of occupants, assigned room, default room rate(may be changed), phone number, whether or not the room is guaranteed, credit card number, confirmation number, automatic cancellation date, expected check in date and time, actual check in date and time, expected check out date and time, amount owed by customer, and abbreviated customer feedback. 2.2 Product Functions Reservation and Booking System Allows for typing in customer information Has a default room rate that is adjustable Includes a description field for the changed rate When a customer checks in, the room number will be changed to occupied in the database Ability to modify a reservation When no rooms are available and a customer would like to extend their reservation their information will be placed in a database and when there are rooms available the first customer on the list will have the room When a customer checks out the amount owed is displayed If the internal clock states that is a customer’s time to have checked out and customer has not checked out, adds an extra night to amount owed and provides a report Records that room is vacant Records payment Allows for space to write customer’s feedback Tracking and Selling Food System Tracks all meals purchased Charges the current room as necessary General Management Services and Automated Tasks System Reports generated to audit hotel occupancy, future occupancy, room revenue, and food revenue Exception reports listing exceptions to the normal cost Allows addition, deletion and modification of information on rooms and rates, menu items and prices, user profiles Creation of users and assigning passwords 2.3 User Characteristics Educational level of HMS computer software – Low Experience of HMS software – None Technical Expertise – Little 2.4 Apportioning of Requirements The audio and visual alerts will be deferred because of low importance at this time. 2.5 Assumptions and Dependencies – The system is not required to save generated reports. – Credit card payments are not included 3 Specific Requirements This section contains all the software requirements at a level of detail, that when combined with the system context diagram, use cases, and use case descriptions, is sufficient to enable designers to design a system to satisfy those requirements, and testers to test that the system satisfies those requirements. 3.1 External Interfaces The Hotel Management System will use the standard input/output devices for a personal computer. This includes the following: Keyboard Mouse Monitor Printer 3.1.1 User Interfaces The User Interface Screens are described in table 1. Table 1: Hotel Management User Interface Screens Screen Name Description Login Log into the system as a CSR or Manager Reservation Retrieve button, update/save reservation, cancel reservation, modify reservation, change reservation, adjust room rate, accept payment type/credit card Check-in Modify room stay (e.g., new credit card), check-in customer (with or without a reservation), adjust room rate, special requests, accept payment type/credit card Checkout Checkout customer, generate bill Hotel Payment Accept payment for room and food Room Service/Restaurant Create order, modify order, view order, cancel order, generate meal bill Customer Record Add or update customer records Administer Rooms Availability and rates Administer User Create, modify, and delete users; change password Administer Meals Create, modify, and delete meal items and prices Reports Select, view, save, and delete reports 3.1.2 Software Interfaces The system shall interface with an Oracle or Access database. 3.1.3 Hardware Interfaces The system shall run on a Microsoft Windows based system. 3.1.4 Communication Interfaces The system shall be a standalone product that does not require any communication interfaces. 3.2 Functional Requirements Functional requirements define the fundamental actions that system must perform. The functional requirements for the system are divided into three main categories, Reservation/Booking, Food, and Management. For further details, refer to the use cases. 1. Reservation/Booking 1.1. The system shall record reservations. 1.2. The system shall record the customer’s first name. 1.3. The system shall record the customer’s last name. 1.4. The system shall record the number of occupants. 1.5. The system shall record the room number. 1.6. The system shall display the default room rate. 1.6.1. The system shall allow the default room rate to be changed. 1.6.2. The system shall require a comment to be entered, describing the reason for changing the default room rate. 1.7. The system shall record the customer’s phone number. 1.8. The system shall display whether or not the room is guaranteed. 1.9. The system shall generate a unique confirmation number for each reservation. 1.10. The system shall automatically cancel non-guaranteed reservations if the customer has not provided their credit card number by 6:00 pm on the check-in date. 1.11. The system shall record the expected check-in date and time. 1.12. The system shall record the expected checkout date and time. 1.13. The system shall check-in customers. 1.14. The system shall allow reservations to be modified without having to reenter all the customer inforamtion. 1.15. The system shall checkout customers. 1.15.1. The system shall display the amount owed by the customer. 1.15.2. To retrieve customer information the last name or room number shall be used 1.15.3. The system shall record that the room is empty. 1.15.4. The system shall record the payment. 1.15.5. The system shall record the payment type. 1.16. The system shall charge the customer for an extra night if they checkout after 11:00 a.m. 1.17. The system shall mark guaranteed rooms as â€Å"must pay† after 6:00 pm on the check-in date. 1.18. The system shall record customer feedback. 2. Food 2.1. The system shall track all meals purchased in the hotel (restaurant and room service). 2.2. The system shall record payment and payment type for meals. 2.3. The system shall bill the current room if payment is not made at time of service. 2.4. The system shall accept reservations for the restaurant and room service. 3. Management 3.1. The system shall display the hotel occupancy for a specified period of time (days; including past, present, and future dates). 3.2. The system shall display projected occupancy for a period of time (days). 3.3. The system shall display room revenue for a specified period of time (days). 3.4. The system shall display food revenue for a specified period of time (days). 3.5. The system shall display an exception report, showing where default room and food prices have been overridden. 3.6. The system shall allow for the addition of information, regarding rooms, rates, menu items, prices, and user profiles. 3.7. The system shall allow for the deletion of information, regarding rooms, rates, menu items, prices, and user profiles. 3.8. The system shall allow for the modification of information, regarding rooms, rates, menu items, prices, and user profiles. 3.9. The system shall allow managers to assign user passwords. 3.3 Nonfunctional Requirements Functional requirements define the needs in terms of performance, logical database requirements, design constraints, standards compliance, reliability, availability, security, maintainability, and portability. 3.3.1 Performance Requirements Performance requirements define acceptable response times for system functionality. The load time for user interface screens shall take no longer than two seconds. The log in information shall be verified within five seconds. Queries shall return results within five seconds. 3.3.2 Logical Database Requirements The logical database requirements include the retention of the following data elements. This list is not a complete list and is designed as a starting point for development. Booking/Reservation System Customer first name Customer last name Customer address Customer phone number Number of occupants Assigned room Default room rate Rate description Guaranteed room (yes/no) Credit card number Confirmation number Automatic cancellation date Expected check-in date Expected check-in time Actual check-in date Actual check-in time Expected check-out date Expected check-out time Actual check-out date Actual check-out time Customer feedback Payment received (yes/no) Payment type Total Bill Food Services Meal Meal type Meal item Meal order Meal payment (Bill to room/Credit/Check/Cash) 3.3.3 Design Constraints The Hotel Management System shall be a stand-alone system running in a Windows environment. The system shall be developed using Java and an Access or Oracle database. 3.3.4 Standards Compliance There shall be consistency in variable names within the system. The graphical user interface shall have a consistent look and feel. 3.3.5 Reliability Specify the factors required to establish the required reliability of the software system at time of delivery. 3.3.6 Availability The system shall be available during normal hotel operating hours. 3.3.7 Security Customer Service Representatives and Managers will be able to log in to the Hotel Management System. Customer Service Representatives will have access to the Reservation/Booking and Food subsystems. Managers will have access to the Management subsystem as well as the Reservation/Booking and Food subsystems. Access to the various subsystems will be protected by a user log in screen that requires a user name and password. 3.3.8 Maintainability The Hotel Management System is being developed in Java. Java is an object oriented programming language and shall be easy to maintain. 3.3.9 Portability The Hotel Management System shall run in any Microsoft Windows environment that contains Java Runtime and the Microsoft Access database. 4 Change Management Process Changes to this document may be made after approval from the project manager and the client approval officer. 5 Document Approvals 5.1 Team One Approval ____________________________________ Sandra Busik/Reita Sikka Date 5.2 Team Two Approval ____________________________________ Lisa Ferrett Date 6 Supporting Information A system context diagram as well as use cases and use case descriptions have been developed in separate documents.

Song of Solomon

Sona Ramnani 2/15/12 EN10258 Professor Blumberg Rough Draft2 â€Å"Then she felt the magic, the African mystery. Say she rose just as free as a bird. As light as a feather† (Hamilton 3) A tale that liberates most, an African mystery, moves generations of Africans as well as other races with a sense of liberation. â€Å"The People Could Fly† gives people a wishful fulfillment. The story is a thorough fantasy of suffering and of magical powers to reach the liberation the people once had. Flying, is an escape. It leaves one in complete release. The People could fly† folktale almost makes those who hear it think that people can actually fly to freedom. However, when reaching this freedom, there are costs. Leaving ones family behind, or consequences of the escape. Nonetheless, it must have been done. In Toni Morrison’s novel Song of Solomon, she liberates us with this sense of flying and escape. The novel, Song of Solomon’s characters accept human flight as a natural occurrence, kind of like the folktale shows it, to liberation. Song of Solomon begins with a suicide attempt from an African American man.Instead of trying to get him down, people simply watch and observe rather then prevent his leap thinking that his flight to liberation may be possible. Throughout the rest of the novel, Morrison traps the reader in themes of struggle for family relationships, the importance of ones name, and independence â€Å"The fathers may soar? And the children may know their names†? This quote foreshadows Milkman, the main character’s, journey throughout the novel and his own pursuit of freedom and flight. This quote also is subject to the bond between father and son.Milkman has always been distant with his family in some ways and mostly with his father. When receiving the nickname â€Å"Milkman†, â€Å"It did nothing to improve either one’s relationship with his father† (Morrison 15). Macon Dead was a man with no depth. His cares revolved around money and material items, and showing any sign of love towards his son was uncommon. This relationship created a underlying hatred between father and son and Milkman â€Å"differed from him as much as he dared† (Morrison 63) He soon starts to look for something different, â€Å"a people† or a different nature, ones who care and weren’t that like his family.Chimamanda Adiche, African writer would say â€Å"He was looking for a different story†. Unknowingly this is where Milkman’s path to flight begins, where he soon discovers old-fashioned â€Å"southern hospitality†. On his trip to Danville, a stranger offers him a ride and a drink, when Milkman tries to pay the man he receives a reply â€Å"I ain’t got much, but I can afford a Coke and a lift now and then† (Morrison, 255). His experiences there show him the build of complete generosity and he learns of a new kind of people where he feels con nected unlike at home where he always felt like an outsider.This leads Milkman’s sudden transformation, the reader watches him grow selflessness. Helping strangers and he realizes â€Å"From the beginning his mother and Pilate had fought for his life, and he had never so much as made with of them a cup of tea† (Morrison, 331). During his journey in Danville, Milkman is on the search for the importance in names. Throughout the novel is has given him a lot of conflict because or where his name was originated from and how it had bad old pasts to it.In Danville he is on a hunt, an obsession to learn how his fathers name originated and pursued the origin of his grandfathers name as well. He had come to the realization that, â€Å"When you know your name, you should hang onto it, for unless it is remembered, it will die when you do† (Morrison, 329). This also creates a sense of caring for Milkman, towards his newfound family origin as well as the people he regretfully treated. â€Å"The fathers may soar† excerpt in the quotation really sets in at this point in the novel.Flight comes full circle from the beginning to the very last sentence of the novel. For practically his whole life Milkman did not care too much about any other human being. Then he slowly started to change in Danville. He started to care about others and the relationships he had with them â€Å"Milkman felt as awkward as he sounded. He had never had to try to make a pleasant impression on a stranger before, never needed anything from a stranger before, and did not remember ever asking anybody in the world how they were† (Morrison, 229). Milkman became a new person, he was independent nd like his great-grandfather he was ready to fly. Ever since he was little he had this determined state of mind that â€Å"only birds and airplanes could fly- and he lost all interest in himself†(Morrison, 9). His entire life was an unconscious search for his ability to take fl ight. When seeing a peacock, Milkman asks his best friend Guitar, â€Å"How come it can’t fly no better than a chicken? † â€Å"Too much tail. All that jewelry weighs it down. Like vanity. Can’t nobody fly with all that shit. Wanna fly, you got to give up the shit that weighs you down† (Morrison, 179).This directly showed milkman that he needed to give up all the materialistic wants, the hatred toward his family, the incapable lack of emotion and soon he begins to â€Å"not to notice or care about the rip at the knee or under the arm† (Morrison, 254) Soon he learns that it is in his blood to fly, that there was hope and a chance for his to feel free of all the vanities that have been bringing him down for years. At the very end of the book Milkman is in a near death situation and he is not afraid â€Å"He knew what Shalimar knew: If you surrendered to the air, you could ride it† (Morrison, 337).Works Cited The Danger of A Single Story. Perf . Chimamanda Adiche. 2009. Online. Hamilton, Virginia. â€Å"Amazon. com: The People Could Fly: American Black Folktales (9780679843368): Virginia Hamilton, Leo Dillon, Diane Dillon Ph. D. : Books. †   Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: Knopf, 1977. Print. Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge my classmates as well as Professor for leading me in deep discussions to further my ideas of these novels, readings, as well as videos.

Managing Change in Organization The Nestle Case Study

Managing Change in Organization The Nestle Case Study Executive summary Nestle is a multinational company that is involved in manufacturing products, in the nutrition, health and wellness industry. Since its establishment in 1886, it has undergone through several changes which its CEO, Brabeck-Letmathe, says are steady and well calculated. A recent change is use of GLOBE, system Codification-Based Strategy, in information use and sharing.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Managing Change in Organization: The Nestle Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was meant to improve productivity, efficiency and increase the quality of customer care services. This system changed the way information is accessed, used and shared among employees in various departments all over the world. This system called for a change in the way employees related with management and vice versa which necessitated a change in the organizational structure of the company. In this report I take a brief look at some of the changes that have occurred at Nestle over the years and the current change due to GLOBE system and the need for it. The structures of the organizational changes that occur at Nestle are discussed in detail. This process presented challenges for the implementers and Nestle in general since it was met with resistance and delay. This was countered with intensified campaigns to create awareness and lobby for the changes. Finally, an action plan of the change management activities in Nestle is outlined detailed what will be done in each program, who will do it, for how long and the cost to the company. The changing Nestle Nestle is a multinational company that is involved in manufacturing products, in the nutrition, health and wellness sector. The buzzword in nestle is ‘good food, good life’ which summarizes its mission of providing their consumers with a broad range of food and beverage products for all events that are the best tasting and most nu tritious. Another buzz word for Nestle is ‘creating a shared value’ which Broeckx, (2007) explains means that the corporation creates and pursues long term sustainable value in actions, strategies and processes to all stakeholders be it consumers, communities, shareholders, employees and business partners. Beside these, are the corporate, business principles where the company outlines its culture, which has been in use for more than 140 years, and are a manifestation of Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s thoughts on fairness, honesty and long-term thinking (Nestle, 2011).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company was founded in 1866 by a Swiss national, Henry Nestle in Vevey, in Switzerland. During this time, marketing of products outside the country was through sales agents. This, however, changed in 1900s when the company started buying subsidiaries in foreign co untries. In America, the company launched its products after the First World War in response to increased demand for dairy products. This was done through acquisition of existing factories, and soon after the Second World War, many executives in the Vevey headquarters were transferred to the country. These moves were part of the changing strategies to increase efficiency and productivity for the company (Douglas Craig, 2009). The first major change came in 1974 when the company bought majority shares in the cosmetic giant L’Oreal. This was a well calculated move to increase the company’s growth and diversification. The company was criticized for investing in a company that was debt ridden, but soldiered ahead. The second major change was in diversifying to the pharmaceutical industry by buying a U. S company, Alcon Laboratories, who were makers of pharmaceutical and ophthalmic products. Many other changes came in the 1980s and 1990s when financial improvement through strategic acquisitions and diversifications. This necessitated the sale of non-strategic and nonperforming businesses while acquiring others such as the 1984 acquisition of Carnation (Nestle, 2011). Today the company is continually restructuring its business with an annual budget of $3000 million set aside for this. Nestle CEO, Brabeck-Letmathe says that steady and well calculated change is what Nestle implements and does not do this as a fashion thing but as a well thought long term strategy. He implemented a complete overhaul of the executive board and replaced them with 10 new executives so as to build on the company’s strength something that has guides the company’s organizational changes. Nestle managers’ commitment is what keeps the company steady with their â€Å"steeped in Nestle corporate culture† which orients them to focus on the long term goals of the company rather than short term profits.Advertising We will write a custom report samp le on Managing Change in Organization: The Nestle Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This corporate culture also established the company’s major strengths such management of corporate growth and its relation to technology. The executive focuses on strengthening and upholding the company’s strength, as opposed to their completed overhaul (Broeckx, 2007). The most recent change has been on using and sharing information which gave birth to the Codification-Based Strategy of which nestle chose GLOBE. This connects all Nestle departments around the world, and makes company information accessible to all its employees. This makes information available to all employees and, therefore, no one is more important than the other due to the information he has that others do not have. Information is power, as it allows communication flow between people in the company. However, in order to access specific information or data, one fill s request form. This means employees should be taught how to access and use this information. This also requires a change in the way communication is carried out in the company since the current model could not support the change in information sharing (Nestle, 2010). The nature of change As we have seen above, in order for an employee to access specific information or data, one fills request form. This means employees need to be trained on how to access and use this information. Further, the old organizational structure has to go, which in this case was the top-down approach. Top-down organizational structure used in Nestle had several limitations; professional development followed a vertical manner within a function which does not encourage networking, communication is done through the ranks which do not encourage contribution from employees, cooperation was shadowed by competition and the obedience orientation which discourages initiative (Broeckx, 2007). This change in the organ izational structure will need management strategies to allow employees to cope with change and contribute to the organization’s goals as they are now empowered.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organizational structure changes that were implemented in Nestles the structurally changing processes approach that involved making substantial changes to the existing organizational structure. This meant that every employee will be oriented to focus on the changes introduced by GLOBE. This is in line with the corporate ‘Untouchables’ or strong points of the company that focuses on strengthening its strengths and the role of technology in the company. The GLOBE system was meant to improve productivity, efficiency and increase the quality of customer care services, therefore, need to position the organizational structure to meet these needs (Chaudron, 2006). The structural approach to managing change was implemented by forming steering committees of senior managers to appoint a multidisciplinary team that will design which actions to be taken in order to realize the goal of the company using this new change in information access. The team assessed the culture of the company, the system used, and the conditions prevailing in the company and came up with recommendations for action which were reported to the committee of senior managers. The recommendations focused on things such as self-directed work teams, pay for information and restructuring the company away from traditional roles to focus more on the products, customers and geographical point of reference (Management Decisions and Research Center, 2000). The advantages with this structure as explained by Chaudron, (2006) are that major issues arising in the company are dealt with upfront as opposed to being postponed to the next meeting or such, some aspects of the company such as direct communication flow from marketers to production and finance department improved the productivity of the company and showing the employees that the company really wanted to change the way the company is run. The disadvantage is that too much information was being revealed to employees and managers felt as if t hey were losing their bearing or that their power was being taken away from them (Durant, 2008). Change structures A traditional hierarchical, pyramidal organizational structure is what existed in Nestle before the GLOBE system was introduced. This system cannot function effectively and efficiently in such a structure. In order for nestle employees to match their goals with that of the company, share ideas with the management, act proactively and collaborate in making the goals of the company realistic, this structure had to change. Furthermore, the new system of sharing information required highly skilled and informed employees who will no longer need to be supervised. An organizational structure named ‘Nestle for the future’ was implemented (Chaudron, 2010). This structure focused on addressing four things that were identified as an impediment to organizational management; align employees’ goals with those of the company, utilizing employees’ insight and action, enhancing cooperation and encouraging employees to be proactive. To divert the employees towards a performance way of life, a program with five parts was then formulated. These programs were implemented simultaneously (Cummings Worley, 2008). The flat and flexible structures This involved dismantling the pyramidal structure and replacing it with a non-pyramidal structure that focused on networking between management and employees. This reviewed structures and retained fewer hierarchical levels worldwide that allowed flexibility and quickness in responding to issues while still sustaining its growth (Cummings Worley, 2008). Inspiring management A review of how management related with its staff showed that action was needed to encourage contributions and cooperation from the staff. This had to start from the way management saw the staff and in regard to this two programs were developed; Nestle leadership program and the grow people program. Nestle leadership program The lea dership program was done on four bases. These include change had to start with leadership at the top level managers needed to accept they can improve, outsourcing for the program providers and program to be based on feedback from those working close to the managers, colleagues, superiors and subordinates (Carley Hill, 2009). Grow people initiative This involved changing how people were assessed. These new developments were on the basis of cooperation, promotion of personal development and sharing of the information. This changed the way managers assessed by people by just ‘judging’ them as if they are not involved themselves to making them committed developers of people. A progress and development was introduced for this purpose. The traditional rating model, which focuses on the past rather than the future, was abandoned (Pries-Heje, 2005). Long-term development This was aimed at developing long-term careers not in the previous silo thinking model but in developing ta lents, and skill in a structure which is flexible and responsive to specific talents of skills. Previously careers moved in a vertical manner within one function which was not sensitive to talents and geographical integration. This was made possible by the network structure, and a talent pool was established which has more than 2000 names from across the globe (Broeckx, 2007). Dynamic compensation The new career paths were important, to achieve this, the flattened organization was structured through creation of a new remuneration model. This model allows staff to raise their salaries without the need for promotion. This involved laying down concrete measures for measuring pays and compensations which encompass not only past achievements but also long term incentives. In addition to this, a long-term incentive plan was introduced (Broeckx, 2007). Lifelong learning program This program involved ensuring continuous education and learning experiences for employees which is very importan t in the ‘Nestle for the future’ strategy. This is in line with nestles philosophy of continuous learning (Cummings Worley, 2008). Challenges in initiating changes and how they were managed Resistance to change by some managers was a major challenge the ‘nestle for the future encountered where some managers had problems with various aspects of the program. The elimination of the rating system for staff to be replaced by the progress and development guide was too much for them. They argued that, rating employees drive performance, but Nestle is for long term growth not short tern profits. Those that were unable to cope with this quit, while others were given early retirement. It, however, slowed down implementation of the program in some regions. The program was eventually embraced wholly when it benefits were understood and working become more exciting (Broeckx, 2007). Delay in program implementation was experienced. This was caused by the managers resisting the changes that were introduced. Though various aspects of this program were meant to run simultaneously, this was delayed for close to two years as the program was viewed with a lot of skepticism and others felt threatened by the changes. The steering committee composed of the senior managers and the team of employees carried out a vast campaign which included visiting different regions and affiliates and giving presentations on the changes and the benefits to be accrued besides other forms of communication. The Progress and Development Guide, which had brought a lot of issues was put on the website and operated there so as to aid its implementation (Cummings Worley, 2008). The unwillingness of the management to share their skills and gifts with other regions, functions and businesses was an impediment that was encountered in the process of implementing the process. In the flat and more flexible model, networking is the core word which means increased communication and sharing of inf ormation between the above. This took three years to see anything substantial which delayed the long-term learning aspect of the program. Communication was intensified through various channels until people were comfortable with the program (Carley Hill, 2009). Action Plan Program aspect Activities Actors Timeframe Cost in US dollars Designing and implementing flat and flexible structures Design fewer management level Seeking contributions from various actors Senior steering committee Multidisciplinary team Employees and managers 1 year $10 million Inspiring management Nestle Leadership programNestle grows people initiatives Carrying out self assessment program for managers Interviewing a section of subordinates, colleagues and superiors of managers in the self assessment programDeveloping Progress and Development guide activities for employees Organizing seminars, workshops for employees Managers A training and development company Steering committee Multidisciplinary team Ma nagers Employees Training and development consultant Long-term (5 years) Long-term (5 years) $125 million $250 million Longlife development Establishing horizontal career paths Establishing levels of networking Mentoring programs Identifying talent and developing it Training and development consultant Human resources department Steering committee Multidisciplinary team Employees managers Long-term $100 million per year Dynamic compensation Developing a new remuneration model Carrying out various communication activities Human resources department Steering committee Multidisciplinary team Finance department Nestle Workers union Short term (1 year) $50 million Lifelong learning Establishing the learning and education needs for the company Compiling and maintaining a database for Nestle talent pool Mentoring program for young talent to be included in the talent pool Identifying talents need for Nestle Identifying and establishing horizontal career paths Establishing review criter ia for talent pool and succession plans Training and development consultant Human resources department Steering committee Multidisciplinary team Employees managers Long term $70 million per year Reference List Broeckx, P., 2007. Perspectives for Managers. In R. Hooijberg, J. Hunt, J. Antonakis, K. Boal, Being There Even When You Are Not:Leading Through Strategy, Strctures and Systems (pp. 96-106). United States of America: IMD International. Carley, K., Hill, V., 2009. Structural Change and Learning Within Organisations.  United States of America: Carnegie Mellon University. Chaudron, D., 2010. Begin at the beginning in organizational change. Organized Change Consultancy. Web. Chaudron, D., 2006. Organized Change: A Tale of Three Vilages: Approoaches to Implementing Organisational Change. The Business Forum, 43-48. Cummings, T., Worley, C., 2008. Institutionalizing Structural Change at Hewlett Packard. In T. Cummings, C. Worley, Organisational Development and Change (pp. 20 8-216). United States of America: Cengage Learning. Douglas, S., Craig, S., 2009. International Brand Architecture: Development, Driver  and Design. New York: New York University. Durant, M., 2008. Managing Organisational Change. United States of America: CCE, CPA. Kezar, A., 2001. Understanding and Facilitating Organizational Change in the 21st  Centuary: Recent Research and Conceptualizations. United States of America: john Wiley Sons. Management Decisions and Research Center., 2000. Organisational Change.  Washington, DC: Department of Veteran Affairs. Nestle., 2010. Current Situation. Web. Nestle., 2011. History. Web. Pries-Heje, J., 2005. eGovernment and Structural Reform on Bornholm: A Case Study.  Electronic Government: 4th International Conference (pp. 124-145). Coppenhagen: university of Coppenhagen.